The R Environment

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# The R Environment

### Installation & Environment Configuration

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# Software

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# Analytical Platforms - Old School

- Limitless (mostly)

- Steep learning curve  
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# Analytical Platforms - Point & Click

- Mastery through discovery (*what does this do?

- Only supporting the most common implementations

- Expansion boundaries

- Tied to closed-source corporation
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# Analytical Platforms - Analytical Languages

- Expandable by the User

- Lower "barrier to entry"

- Useful across many domains.
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# Why Analytical Languages

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![R Julia Python](images/R_Julia_Python.png)

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# It all started...

> Date: Wed, 4 Aug 93 14:01:31 NZS  
> From: Ross Ihaka   
> To: S-news@utstat.toronto.edu  
> Subject: Re: Is  S  available for a Macintosh personal computer?  
> 
> Joseph B Kruskal writes:
> 
> > If anyone knows of an S available for a Macintosh computer, I
> would be pleased to hear about it. 
> 
> About a year ago Robert Gentleman and I considered the problem of
> obtaining decent statistical software for our undergraduate
> Macintosh lab.  After considering the options, we decided that
> the most satisfactory alternative was to write our own.  We
> started by writing a small lisp interpreter.  Next we expanded
> its data structures with atomic vector types and altered its
> evaluation semantics to include lazy evaluation of closure
> arguments and argument binding by tag as well as order.  Finally
> we added some syntactic sugar to make it look somewhat like S.
> We call the result "R".

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# Community Input

`R` is designed to be extensible.  This means that as people tackle different problems, they provide code solutions that others may also freely use.

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<iframe src="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/available_packages_by_name.html" title="Packages available for R" width=700 height=400>
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![Data Analyses Manuscripts](images/data-analysis-manuscript.png)

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# Data & Narrative

The spatial distribution of `$N =$` 1408 individuals were sampled from `$K =$` 29 sampling sites covering the entire known extent for *Araptus attenuatus* (Figure \ref{fig-sampling}).  The observed sex ratio (Females:Males) within each of the sampling locales varied considerably, ranging from a low of 0.455 to 1.68.

Female beetles seem to be selecting locales in more suitable habitats (Figure \ref{fig-habitat}), which is consistent with a Gaussian log normal distribution (GLM; intercept = 0.836; coef =-0.216; P =0.0288; Figure \ref{fig-glm}).  This suggests that males who establish brood chambers at the margins of the species niche are actively selected against by maturing females.

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# Getting R

The canonical location for R is [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org), which is the main site but has [mirrors](https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html) sites located across the world.

- Pick a site in close geospatial proximity to you.

- Download the installer for your platform (Mac, Windows, Linux)

- Follow the instructions on the installer for your particular platform.

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# Sufficent R Version?

If you already have R installed on your computer, you may want to make sure it is up-to-date.  The last time these slides were compiled (they are written in R as well), the version was:

```r
version$version.string
```

```
## [1] "R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)"
```

To ensure you are able to complete all the activites in this class, please have at least this version on your computer.

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# Keeping Updated

If you have a relatively recent version, we can make sure that the packages you already have are also updated by giving the following command.

```r
update.packages(ask=FALSE)
```

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# The Native `R` Interface

![R.app](images/R.app.png)

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# R Via Terminal

![R Terminal](images/R_Terminal.png)

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# RStudio

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# RStudio

[RStudio.com](https://rstudio.com)

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# Using RStudio Cloud

[RStudio.cloud](https://rstudio.cloud)

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![Cloud pricing](images/rstudio.cloud.png)

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# Tour of the Interface

RStudio is essentially a 4-paned browser.

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# Questions?

![Peter Sellers](images/peter_sellers.gif)
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.bottom[ If you have any questions for about the content presented herein, please feel free to [submit them to me](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScrAGM5Zl8vZTPqV8DVSnSrf_5enypyp0717jG4PZiTlVHDjQ/viewform?usp=sf_link) and I'll get back to you as soon as possible.]